L'élasticité des ventes à l'espace des rayons : définition, déterminants et potentialités pour l'allocation d'espace en magasin.

La décision d’allocation d’espace aux rayons repose aujourd’hui sur un savoir-faire essentiellement empirique des enseignes. Elle gagnerait à intégrer la notion d’élasticité des ventes à l’espace des rayons. Dans cet article, nous définissons dans un premier temps l’élasticité des ventes à l’espace du rayon et la mesurons à partir des données de l’enseigne Monoprix. Dans un deuxième temps, nous cherchons à expliquer la variabilité des élasticités obtenues par les caractéristiques des rayons. Enfin, nous montrons en quoi l’élasticité des ventes à l’espace des rayons permet d’améliorer la décision d’allocation d’espace de l’enseigne. Nous proposons notamment une matrice d’analyse du portefeuille de rayons qui prend en compte l’importance stratégique de chacun pour l’enseigne et son élasticité à l’espace.Category management; Allocation d'espace en magasin; Merchandising;

Mesurer la relation entre espace alloué et ventes pour les rayons d'une enseigne.

Pour améliorer la décision d'allocation d'espace en magasin, nous proposons d'étudier l'imapct de l'espace alloué sur les ventes du rayon. Un cadre conceptuel est testé à partir de données fournies par Monoprix.In order to improve the shelf-space allocation decision-making, we investigate the impact of space allocated on sales at the department level. A conceptual framework has been estimated on data coming from Monoprix.Géomerchandising; Category Management; Allocation d'espace; Merchandising; Relation espace / ventes; Space allocation;

véhicules autonomes

59e congrès annuel du club EEA , RENNES, FRANCE, 12-/06/2019 - 12/06/2019Présentation d'actions IFSTTAR sur le déploiement des véhicules autonomes, aspects industrialisation, recherche et enseignement

Hybridation MEMS/UWB pour la navigation pédestre intra-muros

Facing the expansion of geolocation needs, illustrated by the GALILEO European project, the growth of Location Based Services (LBS) and the need to identify the location of emergency mobile phone calls in Europe (standard E112), the research on localization techniques is booming. This thesis focuses on indoor pedestrian navigation and investigates a localization solution based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and ultra-wideband waves (UWB). MEMS based localization estimates the current location from a previously determined position using on-board low-cost inertial embedded sensors. Unfortunately, the performances of these autonomous systems are affected by large errors (typical of these sensors). In fact standalone solutions drift rapidly with time. Impulse-Radio UWB (IR-UWB) Times Of Arrival (TOA) are often used for localization purposes. This network based technology uses sensor networks, mainly attached to the infrastructure of the building to estimate the location of the transmitter with decimetre accuracy in ideal scenarii. However the indoor environment is hostile for radio propagation. Full of artificial obstacles, electromagnetic waves are disturbed and radiolocation performances are reduced. Construction materials also affect the magnetic field used to estimate the pedestrian's walking direction. In this context, the hybridization of these two complementary and uncorrelated technologies is promising. The study of the movement pattern of a pedestrian walking indoors induces two main outcomes on localization techniques. Firstly, random pedestrian movements complicate MEMS signal processing. Secondly, when the transmitter is worn by the user, for example around the neck, IR-UWB that propagates through the human body can hardly contribute to the localization. Optimal data fusion filters that hybridize a large set of observations : Angles Of Arrival (AOA), Time Differences Of Arrival (TDOA), accelerations, angular velocities and magnetic field measurements are presented. The coupling of UWB and MEMS data relies on an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) complemented with specific procedures. Loose integration and tight integration are considered. Outlier detection processes within the radio data enrich the EKF. The most remarkable process is based on the RANSAC paradigm and employs the physical constraints of the pedestrian's walk described by biomechanics. In some cases, it enables the processing of reflected radio signals. A user equipped with a MEMS module and an UWB transceiver walked in the premises of the EPFL, following nine independent paths, for a total length of 380 m. The benefit of the MEMS/UWB hybridization filters are evaluated based on this experiment. The tight integration outperforms the loose coupling and enables indoor pedestrian localization with a one metre accuracy

Techniques de localisation intra-muros à transmission Ultra Large Bande

Alors que les techniques de radiolocalisation à l'extérieur des bâtiments sont largement exploitées dans les applications commerciales, la localisation intra-muros se place au coeur de beaucoup d'activités de recherche. Une nouvelle technologie de transmission sans fil à ultra large bande suscite l'engouement. Elle permet des résolutions temporelles théoriques supérieures aux modes de transmission conventionnels. Son fort potentiel face aux exigences de localiation intra-muros est présenté au travers de résultats expérimentaux dans un milieu construit difficilement modélisable

Indoor Navigation of Emergency Agents

Existing indoor navigation solutions usually rely on pre-installed sensor networks, whereas emergency agents are interested in fully auto-deployable systems. In this paper, an almost self-deployable solution based on Radio-frequency identification tags and inertial Micro Electro Mechanical Sensors is presented. The benefits of the solution are evaluated and compared with the pure inertial positioning system

SaPPART Guidelines: Assessment of positioning performance in ITS applications

This deliverable, entitled guidelines, is the third outcome of SaPPART COST Action, a European network of scientists and stakeholders that aims to promote smart use of GNSS technology in the field of intelligent road transport and mobility. It discusses the performance assessment of the GNSS-based Positioning terminals (GBPT), which is generally under the responsibility of the system integrators in the road market of GNSS. The aim of this document is to provide guidelines for generic test procedures for the evaluation of GBPT performance, either by field tests, simulations or their combination, compliant with the concepts and the definitions already established in the SaPPART White Paper (TMI 1) and Handbook (TMI 2). The document is intended to provide the reader with a helpful tool for planning the GBPT testing procedures by both discussing the testing in general and by providing some detailed practical information

Design and Testing of a Multi-Sensor Pedestrian Location and Navigation Platform

Navigation and location technologies are continually advancing, allowing ever higher accuracies and operation under ever more challenging conditions. The development of such technologies requires the rapid evaluation of a large number of sensors and related utilization strategies. The integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) with accelerometers, gyros, barometers, magnetometers and other sensors is allowing for novel applications, but is hindered by the difficulties to test and compare integrated solutions using multiple sensor sets. In order to achieve compatibility and flexibility in terms of multiple sensors, an advanced adaptable platform is required. This paper describes the design and testing of the NavCube, a multi-sensor navigation, location and timing platform. The system provides a research tool for pedestrian navigation, location and body motion analysis in an unobtrusive form factor that enables in situ data collections with minimal gait and posture impact. Testing and examples of applications of the NavCube are provided

Life on Arginine for Mycoplasma hominis: Clues from Its Minimal Genome and Comparison with Other Human Urogenital Mycoplasmas

Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human mycoplasma. Two other pathogenic human species, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma parvum, reside within the same natural niche as M. hominis: the urogenital tract. These three species have overlapping, but distinct, pathogenic roles. They have minimal genomes and, thus, reduced metabolic capabilities characterized by distinct energy-generating pathways. Analysis of the M. hominis PG21 genome sequence revealed that it is the second smallest genome among self-replicating free living organisms (665,445 bp, 537 coding sequences (CDSs)). Five clusters of genes were predicted to have undergone horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between M. hominis and the phylogenetically distant U. parvum species. We reconstructed M. hominis metabolic pathways from the predicted genes, with particular emphasis on energy-generating pathways. The Embden–Meyerhoff–Parnas pathway was incomplete, with a single enzyme absent. We identified the three proteins constituting the arginine dihydrolase pathway. This pathway was found essential to promote growth in vivo. The predicted presence of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase suggested that arginine catabolism is more complex than initially described. This enzyme may have been acquired by HGT from non-mollicute bacteria. Comparison of the three minimal mollicute genomes showed that 247 CDSs were common to all three genomes, whereas 220 CDSs were specific to M. hominis, 172 CDSs were specific to M. genitalium, and 280 CDSs were specific to U. parvum. Within these species-specific genes, two major sets of genes could be identified: one including genes involved in various energy-generating pathways, depending on the energy source used (glucose, urea, or arginine) and another involved in cytadherence and virulence. Therefore, a minimal mycoplasma cell, not including cytadherence and virulence-related genes, could be envisaged containing a core genome (247 genes), plus a set of genes required for providing energy. For M. hominis, this set would include 247+9 genes, resulting in a theoretical minimal genome of 256 genes